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場外槓桿產品,包括差價合約,屬結構複雜的投資產品,由於槓桿效應可能導致資金迅速虧損,風險極高。本投資服務商 80% 的零售客戶賬戶在交易場外槓桿產品,包括差價合約,時蒙受虧損。 場外槓桿產品,包括差價合約,屬結構複雜的投資產品,由於槓桿效應可能導致資金迅速虧損,風險極高。本投資服務商 80% 的零售客戶賬戶在交易場外槓桿產品,包括差價合約,時蒙受虧損。

選票到油桶:華盛頓能否決定美國石油、天然氣及能源的未來?

隨著油價持續高企、汽油成本蠶食家庭預算,加上天然氣市場持續波動,2026 年美國中期選舉正逐漸演變為一場聚焦國家能源政策與未來走向的選舉。繼續閱讀,了解交易者及投資者面臨的重要議題。

來源:Getty

進入 2026 年美國中期選舉的能源負擔能力危機

來源:Getty

能源價格已成為 2026 年中期選舉週期中最具決定性的經濟議題之一,與不斷上漲的醫療保健成本並列為美國選民最關注的首要問題。根據凱澤家庭基金會的民調,汽油價格上漲現已與醫療保健負擔能力並列為美國家庭最大的「憂慮」。¹

在加油站,美國人已深刻感受到這一壓力。全國平均汽油價格已達每加侖 4.56 美元,部分西部州份及華盛頓的價格更飆升至約每加侖 6.00 美元。²就背景而言,平均柴油價格自 2026 年 2 月以來已上漲近 70%,於 2026 年 10 月 8 日創下每加侖 6.28 美元的歷史平均高位。³如此劇烈的價格漲幅可能對投票結果產生直接影響:最低收入五分之一家庭現已將額外 5% 的稅後收入用於汽油開支。⁴

與此同時,根據美國能源資訊署(EIA)數據,布倫特原油於 2026 年第四季度攀升至約每桶 105 美元,與年初約每桶 60 美元的價格相比大幅上漲。⁵此次漲幅主要由地緣政治干擾驅動,尤其是霍爾木茲海峽封鎖及持續的中東供應限制,已令全球每日產量減少逾 1,100 萬桶。⁶

根據布魯金斯學會的研究,這些成本的地域分佈亦具有重要的選舉影響。共和黨(GOP)眾議員所代表的選區,其選民每年駕駛的公路里程約比民主黨眾議員選區選民多 26%,這可能令部分共和黨現任議員面臨政治風險。⁷加上其他板塊的通脹壓力,高企的能源成本或將在多場中期選舉中扮演重要角色。

為何石油及天然氣市場正聚焦於 11 月選舉結果

來源:Getty

對交易者及投資者而言,2026 年中期選舉正值能源市場動態的關鍵時刻。選舉結果可能大幅重塑監管框架、稅收政策、審批時間表及補貼,直接影響石油生產商、天然氣供應商、煉油商、可再生能源企業及電力公用事業。

根據道明證券(TD Securities)華盛頓研究小組的預測,中期選舉前的基準情景預計政府將出現分裂,即民主黨控制眾議院、共和黨控制參議院。這一格局可能導致國會加強對特朗普時代能源政策的審查,包括對貿易政策、審批決定及化石燃料擴張計劃的更嚴格審視。⁸

此外,正如國際能源署(IEA)在其 2026 年 8 月石油市場報告中指出,隨著高燃料價格及供應中斷持續拖累消費,全球石油需求預計將於 2026 年下降每日 160 萬桶。⁹

與此同時,高油輪運費(於 2026 年 10 月創下歷史新高)¹⁰及柴油市場極度緊張的局面仍繼續支撐原油價格。¹¹中期選舉能否影響美國政府的能源相關政策與策略,目前尚待觀察。

最終,道明證券分析師認為,2026 年中期選舉或更多關乎監管及波動管理,而非大規模立法變革。他們相信,分裂的國會可能加強對特朗普時代政策的審查,而白宮則掌控貿易、關稅及能源政策的主導權。¹²

值得追蹤的美國關鍵能源政策與議題

隨著選民於 11 月前往投票,數個能源相關政策領域正成為中期選舉辯論的焦點。了解這些議題對於尋求預判選後市場走勢的交易者及投資者或有裨益。

來源:Getty

石油及天然氣生產政策

特朗普政府力推「大力鑽探」議程,強調透過放鬆監管及加快審批程序增加國內石油及天然氣產量。¹³

然而,能源市場現實已令預期降溫。根據 Kpler 的分析,美國原油產量於 2025 年底接近每日 1,380 萬桶的峰值,預計隨著鑽探活動放緩及巴肯等成熟油區產量萎縮,至 2026 年底將回落至每日約 1,360 萬桶。¹⁴

選民及政策制定者心中或存在一個潛在問題:激進的支持鑽探立場能否真正兌現政府所承諾的較低能源價格?¹⁵部分共和黨候選人發現自己不得不急於與數據中心擴張及相關電力需求拉開距離,即使特朗普持續力挺 AI 產業及化石燃料生產。¹⁶

天然氣作為過渡燃料

天然氣已成為美國能源辯論的核心,各方對其未來角色持有截然不同的願景。美國能源資訊署報告指出,2025 年天然氣約佔美國公用規模發電量的 40%。¹⁷

然而,新研究似乎顯示,各方對於天然氣究竟是支撐 AI 熱潮及可再生能源轉型的橋樑燃料,還是加速清潔能源部署的干擾因素,存在更深層的分歧。

加拿大皇家銀行資本市場(RBC Capital Markets)的研究顯示,天然氣在本十年內已被定位為「支撐 AI 基礎設施建設的骨幹燃料」。¹⁸

然而,皮尤研究中心的數據揭示了能源優先議題上的明顯黨派分歧。僅 28% 的共和黨人現在支持優先發展風能及太陽能(較 2020 年的 65% 大幅下滑),71% 現在傾向以化石燃料作為國家優先選項——短短六年內出現了戲劇性的逆轉。民主黨人繼續支持可再生能源,但熱情亦有所降溫。¹⁹

煉油板塊與燃料轉型

煉油板塊亦面臨生死存亡的挑戰:轉型或式微。未來二十年內,全球煉油產能預計將承受需求增長放緩及能源轉型加速的雙重壓力。²⁰麥肯錫的研究顯示,根據政策及技術採用的不同情景,全球液體燃料需求可能在未來五至十年內見頂。²¹

即將舉行的中期選舉或將進一步揭示美國政府是否將支持美國銀行研究人員所指的特朗普政府青睞的「全面推進」方針。²²

公用事業、通脹與基礎設施投資

數據中心、AI 運算及工業電氣化帶來的電力需求激增,正對美國電網造成前所未有的壓力。高盛分析師預測,數據中心電力需求至 2030 年可能增長 160%。²³

無需贅言,更多數據中心意味著對輸電基礎設施、發電產能及電網現代化的更多投資。2026 年美國中期選舉或將進一步揭示國會在加快基礎設施審批(業界團體認為此舉可大幅縮短項目時間表)²⁴及快速推進可再生能源建設方面的立場。²⁵

美國中期選舉如何重塑石油、天然氣、煉油及公用事業板塊

2026 年中期選舉結果將在未來數年內持續影響能源市場。以下是基於道明證券華盛頓研究小組及晨星研究,不同選舉結果可能如何重塑各關鍵板塊:

來源:Getty

情景 A:分裂政府(民主黨控制眾議院,共和黨控制參議院)²⁶

此基準情景可能帶來以下結果:

  • 國會對特朗普能源政策進行監督,但推動大規模立法逆轉的能力有限
  • 由於立法僵局,化石燃料及可再生能源項目的審批延誤持續
  • 特朗普政府亦將維持對行政部門的控制,主導貿易政策、關稅、審批、能源政策等各方面

情景 B:共和黨主導²⁷

若共和黨維持或擴大控制權:

  • 加速石油及天然氣生產及管道擴張
  • 在已廢除措施之外,進一步取消可再生能源激勵政策
  • 推動中游基礎設施發展

情景 C:民主黨掌控²⁸ ²⁹

相反,若民主黨大幅取得優勢:

  • 可再生能源及替代能源投資或獲提振
  • 工業股及金融股可能承壓
  • 支持風能及太陽能生產

資料來源與引文

1. 來源:https://www.kff.org/report/2026-health-care-and-affordability-poll

引文:"Rising gas and electricity prices are top of mind for many voters—second only to the affordability of health care, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation poll published in 2026." ——凱澤家庭基金會

2. 來源:https://themesetfs.com/insights/high-oil-prices-could-cost-republicans-congress-in-2026

引文:"The national average for a gallon of gasoline rose from roughly $3 before 'Operation Epic Fury' to $4.56, while in Washington and a few Western states prices rose to around $6.00." ——THEMES ETFs

3. 來源:https://www.kompas.id/artikel/russian-solar-soon-to-flow-to-us?open_from=English_Page

引文:"One of Trump's efforts to address that pressure is to secure domestic supplies. Diesel prices have often been a primary driver of inflation in the U.S. Since the U.S. and Israel launched a war with Iran on February 28, diesel prices have risen by 70 percent. On Thursday, referring to data from the American Automobile Association (AAA), the average price of diesel reached 6.28 USD per gallon. Meanwhile, before the Iran war, the price of diesel was around 3.76 USD per gallon." ——Kompas

4. 來源:https://www.brookings.edu/articles/another-oil-crisis-is-here-how-will-american-drivers-respond/

引文:"Over 18 million U.S. households in the lowest-earning income quintile will be even more impacted, spending an extra 5% of their post-tax income on gasoline." ——布魯金斯學會,2026 年 5 月

5. 來源:https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/report/

引文:"We now forecast the Brent crude oil spot price will average $105 per barrel (b) in 4Q26, $14/b higher than in last month's STEO." ——美國能源資訊署,2026 年 10 月短期能源展望

6. 來源:https://www.eia.gov/pressroom/releases/press589.php

引文:"With the Strait of Hormuz remaining effectively closed in the near term, disruptions to global oil production and shipments continue. Middle Eastern oil producers have cut output by over 11 million barrels per day (b/d), leading to large global inventory draws." ——美國能源資訊署,2026 年 6 月

7. 來源:https://www.brookings.edu/articles/another-oil-crisis-is-here-how-will-american-drivers-respond/

引文:"The average constituent of a current Republican House member drives 26% more miles than the average constituent of a Democratic member." ——布魯金斯學會,2026 年 5 月

8. 來源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"TD Cowen's Washington Research Group argues for a base case scenario of a divided government, with a Democratic House and a Republican Senate. It suggests that this scenario would amplify oversight, investigations, and debt-ceiling brinkmanship, but leave little room for major policy changes." ——道明科恩,2026 年 9 月

9. 來源:https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-august-2026

引文:"World oil demand is forecast to decline by 1.6 mb/d in 2026, 510 kb/d more than our estimate in last month's Report, as the ongoing closure of the Strait of Hormuz and elevated fuel prices continue to weigh on oil consumption." ——國際能源署,2026 年 8 月石油市場報告

10. 來源:https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Tanker-Rates-Soar-to-Record-as-Oil-Crisis-Becomes-Shipping-Crisis.html

引文:"Supertanker rates hit a record $1.4 million per day on Persian Gulf–Asia routes, surging 40% in the first week of October amid the Iran war." ——OilPrice.com,2026 年 10 月 10 日

11. 來源:https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/report/

引文:"Additional upward pressure on crude oil prices stems from extreme tightness in diesel markets that raises demand for crude oil in order for refiners to meet diesel demand." ——美國能源資訊署,2026 年 10 月

12. 來源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"TD Cowen's analysts argue that the 2026 midterms are less about sweeping legislative change, and more about oversight and managing volatility." ——道明科恩華盛頓研究小組,2026 年 9 月

13. 來源:https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/25/state-of-the-union-climate-change-trump

引文:"Trump didn't say the words 'climate change' during the State of the Union, but it loomed large over his 108-minute speech as he touted his 'drill, baby, drill' agenda and derided Joe Biden's 'green new scam'." ——《衛報》,2026 年 2 月 25 日

14. 來源:https://www.kpler.com/blog/crude-oil-top-5-market-drivers-in-2026

引文:"We expect output to have peaked near 13.8 mbd in late 2025 before falling back toward 13.6 mbd by end-2026…Lower drilling activity, shrinking DUC inventories and rising decline rates are beginning to outweigh productivity gains." ——Kpler,2026 年 10 月

15. 來源:https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2026-02-24/trumps-plan-for-rising-energy-costs-pump-oil-make-data-centers-pay

引文:"Energy affordability was in the spotlight during President Trump's lengthy and at times rambling State of the Union address Tuesday evening as the president promised to bring down electricity prices in an effort to assuage voter concerns about rising costs." ——《洛杉磯時報》,2026 年 2 月 24 日

16. 來源:https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-07-09/republican-midterm-candidates-break-with-trump-on-data-centers?srnd=homepage-americas&embedded-checkout=true

引文:"Analysis from Bloomberg News found that at least 12 Republican federal and gubernatorial candidates have run ads opposing energy-intensive data centers amid the AI boom ahead of November's elections." ——彭博社,2026 年 7 月 10 日

17. 來源:https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us-generation-capacity-and-sales.php

引文:"The share of natural gas-fired electricity-generation capacity increased from 17% in 1990 to 40% in 2025, and its share of electricity generation more than tripled from 12% in 1990 to 40% in 2025." ——美國能源資訊署

18. 來源:https://www.rbccm.com/en/insights/2026/05/natural-gas-powers-the-data-center-boom

引文:"Through the current decade, natural gas is positioned as a backbone fuel supporting the AI infrastructure buildout." ——加拿大皇家銀行資本市場,2026 年 5 月

19. 來源:https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2026/04/03/americans-shifting-views-on-energy-issues/

引文:"In 2020, a majority of Republicans and those who lean to the Republican Party said the focus should be on renewables (65%). Now, just 28% of Republicans say this, while 71% say the priority should be on fossil fuels. About eight-in-ten Democrats and Democratic leaners (83%) say the country should give priority to developing wind and solar production, but this share has also ticked downward in the last few years." ——皮尤研究中心,2026 年 4 月

20. 來源:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/refining-in-the-energy-transition-through-2040#/

引文:"While the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have triggered extreme volatility and uncertainty in the refining product and fuel markets, the transition to a low-carbon economy continues to bring significant challenges and opportunities to the refining sector. Increasing national and industry climate commitments and technological improvements, as well as changing consumer preferences, will shape the outlook for refining in the next two decades." ——麥肯錫,2022 年 11 月

21. 來源:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/refining-in-the-energy-transition-through-2040

引文:"Global liquids demand is expected to peak in the next five to ten years, depending on the pace of technological innovation and the net-zero ambition levels of governments." ——麥肯錫,2022 年

22. 來源:https://institute.bankofamerica.com/content/dam/transformation/us-electrical-grid.pdf?_sp=bab4929b-6c13-43fb-ba44-51d736abcef1

引文:"The Trump Administration is pursuing an 'all of the above' strategy for power generation, with a particular focus on cost efficiency and reliability." ——美國銀行全球研究

23. 來源:https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/AI-poised-to-drive-160-increase-in-power-demand

引文:"Data centre power demand is expected to increase 160% by 2030." ——高盛研究,2024 年 5 月

24. 來源:https://www.aga.org/permitting-reform-can-help-build-the-energy-infrastructure-america-needs/

引文:"Lengthy and uncertain permitting processes can create unnecessary delays and add costs to projects that communities depend on." ——美國天然氣協會,2026 年 10 月 9 日

25. 來源:https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/senate-permitting-bill-power-lines

引文:"The U.S. Senate energy permitting bill unveiled Wednesday could streamline the buildout of high-voltage power lines across the country, potentially delivering billions of dollars in electricity cost savings and dramatically improving the power system's reliability over the coming decade — if Congress manages to pass it into law." ——Canary Media,2026 年 9 月 30 日

26. 來源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"In its Ahead Of The Curve series, TD Cowen's Washington Research Group argues for a base case scenario of a divided government, with a Democratic House and a Republican Senate. It suggests that this scenario would amplify oversight, investigations, and debt-ceiling brinkmanship, but leave little room for major policy changes. The November Rain: US Midterm Elections report's authors, driven by Chris Krueger of TD Securities, note that the base case would see a Democratic House investigating tariffs, federal spending, the Iran war, critical minerals investments, and more, with reputational risk for any Trump-branded initiatives. The base case also sees President Trump maintaining control of the Executive Branch, however, meaning that trade policies, tariffs, permitting, energy policy, and so on would be driven by the White House." ——Mining.com.au,2026 年 9 月 18 日

27. 來源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"In the event of a Republican House, Miller predicts enhanced interest in oil and gas production, fossil fuel-fired power generation, and midstream infrastructure development." ——Mining.com.au,2026 年 9 月 18 日

28. 來源:https://www.morningstar.com/markets/what-midterm-elections-will-mean-markets

引文:"Financial and industrial stocks could come under pressure if Democrats win both chambers of Congress, while consumer staples and alternative energy stocks could benefit, according to analysts. Alternative energy stocks could also get a boost under Democratic leadership, along with some healthcare stocks if they can walk back some of Trump's healthcare spending cuts." ——晨星,2026 年 10 月 8 日

29. 來源:https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2026/04/03/americans-shifting-views-on-energy-issues/

引文:"An overwhelming majority of Democrats (85%) continue to say the federal government should encourage the production of wind and solar power." ——皮尤研究中心,2026 年 4 月

重要須知

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