跳轉至內容

场外杠杆产品,包括差价合约,属结构复杂的投资产品,由于杠杆效应,可能导致资金迅速亏损,风险极高。本投资服务商 80% 的零售客户账户在交易场外杠杆产品,包括差价合约,时蒙受亏损。 场外杠杆产品,包括差价合约,属结构复杂的投资产品,由于杠杆效应,可能导致资金迅速亏损,风险极高。本投资服务商 80% 的零售客户账户在交易场外杠杆产品,包括差价合约,时蒙受亏损。

选票到油桶:华盛顿能否决定美国石油、天然气及能源的未来?

随着油价持续高企、汽油成本蚕食家庭预算,加上天然气市场持续波动,2026 年美国中期选举正逐渐演变为一场聚焦国家能源政策与未来走向的选举。继续阅读,了解交易者及投资者面临的重要议题。

來源:Getty

进入 2026 年美国中期选举的能源负担能力危机

來源:Getty

能源价格已成为 2026 年中期选举周期中最具决定性的经济议题之一,与不断上涨的医疗保健成本并列为美国选民最关注的首要问题。根据凯泽家庭基金会的民调,汽油价格上涨现已与医疗保健负担能力并列为美国家庭最大的「忧虑」。¹

在加油站,美国人已深刻感受到这一压力。全国平均汽油价格已达每加仑 4.56 美元,部分西部州份及华盛顿的价格更飙升至约每加仑 6.00 美元。²就背景而言,平均柴油价格自 2026 年 2 月以来已上涨近 70%,于 2026 年 10 月 8 日创下每加仑 6.28 美元的历史平均高位。³如此剧烈的价格涨幅可能对投票结果产生直接影响:最低收入五分之一家庭现已将额外 5% 的税后收入用于汽油开支。⁴

与此同时,根据美国能源信息署(EIA)数据,布伦特原油于 2026 年第四季度攀升至约每桶 105 美元,与年初约每桶 60 美元的价格相比大幅上涨。⁵此次涨幅主要由地缘政治干扰驱动,尤其是霍尔木兹海峡封锁及持续的中东供应限制,已令全球每日产量减少逾 1,100 万桶。⁶

根据布鲁金斯学会的研究,这些成本的地域分布亦具有重要的选举影响。共和党(GOP)众议员所代表的选区,其选民每年驾驶的公路里程约比民主党众议员选区选民多 26%,这可能令部分共和党现任议员面临政治风险。⁷加上其他板块的通胀压力,高企的能源成本或将在多场中期选举中扮演重要角色。

为何石油及天然气市场正聚焦于 11 月选举结果

來源:Getty

对交易者及投资者而言,2026 年中期选举正值能源市场动态的关键时刻。选举结果可能大幅重塑监管框架、税收政策、审批时间表及补贴,直接影响石油生产商、天然气供应商、炼油商、可再生能源企业及电力公用事业。

根据道明证券(TD Securities)华盛顿研究小组的预测,中期选举前的基准情景预计政府将出现分裂,即民主党控制众议院、共和党控制参议院。这一格局可能导致国会加强对特朗普时代能源政策的审查,包括对贸易政策、审批决定及化石燃料扩张计划的更严格审视。⁸

此外,正如国际能源署(IEA)在其 2026 年 8 月石油市场报告中指出,随着高燃料价格及供应中断持续拖累消费,全球石油需求预计将于 2026 年下降每日 160 万桶。⁹

与此同时,高油轮运费(于 2026 年 10 月创下历史新高)¹⁰及柴油市场极度紧张的局面仍继续支撑原油价格。¹¹中期选举能否影响美国政府的能源相关政策与策略,目前尚待观察。

最终,道明证券分析师认为,2026 年中期选举或更多关乎监管及波动管理,而非大规模立法变革。他们相信,分裂的国会可能加强对特朗普时代政策的审查,而白宫则掌控贸易、关税及能源政策的主导权。¹²

值得追踪的美国关键能源政策与议题

随着选民于 11 月前往投票,数个能源相关政策领域正成为中期选举辩论的焦点。了解这些议题对于寻求预判选后市场走势的交易者及投资者或有裨益。

來源:Getty

石油及天然气生产政策

特朗普政府力推「大力钻探」议程,强调透过放松监管及加快审批程序增加国内石油及天然气产量。¹³

然而,能源市场现实已令预期降温。根据 Kpler 的分析,美国原油产量于 2025 年底接近每日 1,380 万桶的峰值,预计随着钻探活动放缓及巴肯等成熟油区产量萎缩,至 2026 年底将回落至每日约 1,360 万桶。¹⁴

选民及政策制定者心中或存在一个潜在问题:激进的支持钻探立场能否真正兑现政府所承诺的较低能源价格?¹⁵部分共和党候选人发现自己不得不急于与数据中心扩张及相关电力需求拉开距离,即使特朗普持续力挺 AI 产业及化石燃料生产。¹⁶

天然气作为过渡燃料

天然气已成为美国能源辩论的核心,各方对其未来角色持有截然不同的愿景。美国能源信息署报告指出,2025 年天然气约占美国公用规模发电量的 40%。¹⁷

然而,新研究似乎显示,各方对于天然气究竟是支撑 AI 热潮及可再生能源转型的桥梁燃料,还是加速清洁能源部署的干扰因素,存在更深层的分歧。

加拿大皇家银行资本市场(RBC Capital Markets)的研究显示,天然气在本十年内已被定位为「支撑 AI 基础设施建设的骨干燃料」。¹⁸

然而,皮尤研究中心的数据揭示了能源优先议题上的明显党派分歧。仅 28% 的共和党人现在支持优先发展风能及太阳能(较 2020 年的 65% 大幅下滑),71% 现在倾向以化石燃料作为国家优先选项——短短六年内出现了戏剧性的逆转。民主党人继续支持可再生能源,但热情亦有所降温。¹⁹

炼油板块与燃料转型

炼油板块亦面临生死存亡的挑战:转型或式微。未来二十年内,全球炼油产能预计将承受需求增长放缓及能源转型加速的双重压力。²⁰麦肯锡的研究显示,根据政策及技术采用的不同情景,全球液体燃料需求可能在未来五至十年内见顶。²¹

即将举行的中期选举或将进一步揭示美国政府是否将支持美国银行研究人员所指的特朗普政府青睐的「全面推进」方针。²²

公用事业、通胀与基础设施投资

数据中心、AI 运算及工业电气化带来的电力需求激增,正对美国电网造成前所未有的压力。高盛分析师预测,数据中心电力需求至 2030 年可能增长 160%。²³

无需赘言,更多数据中心意味着对输电基础设施、发电产能及电网现代化的更多投资。2026 年美国中期选举或将进一步揭示国会在加快基础设施审批(业界团体认为此举可大幅缩短项目时间表)²⁴及快速推进可再生能源建设方面的立场。²⁵

美国中期选举如何重塑石油、天然气、炼油及公用事业板块

2026 年中期选举结果将在未来数年内持续影响能源市场。以下是基于道明证券华盛顿研究小组及晨星研究,不同选举结果可能如何重塑各关键板块:

來源:Getty

情景 A:分裂政府(民主党控制众议院,共和党控制参议院)²⁶

此基准情景可能带来以下结果:

  • 国会对特朗普能源政策进行监督,但推动大规模立法逆转的能力有限
  • 由于立法僵局,化石燃料及可再生能源项目的审批延误持续
  • 特朗普政府亦将维持对行政部门的控制,主导贸易政策、关税、审批、能源政策等各方面

情景 B:共和党主导²⁷

若共和党维持或扩大控制权:

  • 加速石油及天然气生产及管道扩张
  • 在已废除措施之外,进一步取消可再生能源激励政策
  • 推动中游基础设施发展

情景 C:民主党掌控²⁸ ²⁹

相反,若民主党大幅取得优势:

  • 可再生能源及替代能源投资或获提振
  • 工业股及金融股可能承压
  • 支持风能及太阳能生产

资料来源与引文

1. 来源:https://www.kff.org/report/2026-health-care-and-affordability-poll

引文:"Rising gas and electricity prices are top of mind for many voters—second only to the affordability of health care, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation poll published in 2026." ——凯泽家庭基金会

2. 来源:https://themesetfs.com/insights/high-oil-prices-could-cost-republicans-congress-in-2026

引文:"The national average for a gallon of gasoline rose from roughly $3 before 'Operation Epic Fury' to $4.56, while in Washington and a few Western states prices rose to around $6.00." ——THEMES ETFs

3. 来源:https://www.kompas.id/artikel/russian-solar-soon-to-flow-to-us?open_from=English_Page

引文:"One of Trump's efforts to address that pressure is to secure domestic supplies. Diesel prices have often been a primary driver of inflation in the U.S. Since the U.S. and Israel launched a war with Iran on February 28, diesel prices have risen by 70 percent. On Thursday, referring to data from the American Automobile Association (AAA), the average price of diesel reached 6.28 USD per gallon. Meanwhile, before the Iran war, the price of diesel was around 3.76 USD per gallon." ——Kompas

4. 来源:https://www.brookings.edu/articles/another-oil-crisis-is-here-how-will-american-drivers-respond/

引文:"Over 18 million U.S. households in the lowest-earning income quintile will be even more impacted, spending an extra 5% of their post-tax income on gasoline." ——布鲁金斯学会,2026 年 5 月

5. 来源:https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/report/

引文:"We now forecast the Brent crude oil spot price will average $105 per barrel (b) in 4Q26, $14/b higher than in last month's STEO." ——美国能源信息署,2026 年 10 月短期能源展望

6. 来源:https://www.eia.gov/pressroom/releases/press589.php

引文:"With the Strait of Hormuz remaining effectively closed in the near term, disruptions to global oil production and shipments continue. Middle Eastern oil producers have cut output by over 11 million barrels per day (b/d), leading to large global inventory draws." ——美国能源信息署,2026 年 6 月

7. 来源:https://www.brookings.edu/articles/another-oil-crisis-is-here-how-will-american-drivers-respond/

引文:"The average constituent of a current Republican House member drives 26% more miles than the average constituent of a Democratic member." ——布鲁金斯学会,2026 年 5 月

8. 来源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"TD Cowen's Washington Research Group argues for a base case scenario of a divided government, with a Democratic House and a Republican Senate. It suggests that this scenario would amplify oversight, investigations, and debt-ceiling brinkmanship, but leave little room for major policy changes." ——道明科恩,2026 年 9 月

9. 来源:https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-market-report-august-2026

引文:"World oil demand is forecast to decline by 1.6 mb/d in 2026, 510 kb/d more than our estimate in last month's Report, as the ongoing closure of the Strait of Hormuz and elevated fuel prices continue to weigh on oil consumption." ——国际能源署,2026 年 8 月石油市场报告

10. 来源:https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Tanker-Rates-Soar-to-Record-as-Oil-Crisis-Becomes-Shipping-Crisis.html

引文:"Supertanker rates hit a record $1.4 million per day on Persian Gulf–Asia routes, surging 40% in the first week of October amid the Iran war." ——OilPrice.com,2026 年 10 月 10 日

11. 来源:https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/report/

引文:"Additional upward pressure on crude oil prices stems from extreme tightness in diesel markets that raises demand for crude oil in order for refiners to meet diesel demand." ——美国能源信息署,2026 年 10 月

12. 来源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"TD Cowen's analysts argue that the 2026 midterms are less about sweeping legislative change, and more about oversight and managing volatility." ——道明科恩华盛顿研究小组,2026 年 9 月

13. 来源:https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/25/state-of-the-union-climate-change-trump

引文:"Trump didn't say the words 'climate change' during the State of the Union, but it loomed large over his 108-minute speech as he touted his 'drill, baby, drill' agenda and derided Joe Biden's 'green new scam'." ——《卫报》,2026 年 2 月 25 日

14. 来源:https://www.kpler.com/blog/crude-oil-top-5-market-drivers-in-2026

引文:"We expect output to have peaked near 13.8 mbd in late 2025 before falling back toward 13.6 mbd by end-2026…Lower drilling activity, shrinking DUC inventories and rising decline rates are beginning to outweigh productivity gains." ——Kpler,2026 年 10 月

15. 来源:https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2026-02-24/trumps-plan-for-rising-energy-costs-pump-oil-make-data-centers-pay

引文:"Energy affordability was in the spotlight during President Trump's lengthy and at times rambling State of the Union address Tuesday evening as the president promised to bring down electricity prices in an effort to assuage voter concerns about rising costs." ——《洛杉矶时报》,2026 年 2 月 24 日

16. 来源:https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-07-09/republican-midterm-candidates-break-with-trump-on-data-centers?srnd=homepage-americas&embedded-checkout=true

引文:"Analysis from Bloomberg News found that at least 12 Republican federal and gubernatorial candidates have run ads opposing energy-intensive data centers amid the AI boom ahead of November's elections." ——彭博社,2026 年 7 月 10 日

17. 来源:https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us-generation-capacity-and-sales.php

引文:"The share of natural gas-fired electricity-generation capacity increased from 17% in 1990 to 40% in 2025, and its share of electricity generation more than tripled from 12% in 1990 to 40% in 2025." ——美国能源信息署

18. 来源:https://www.rbccm.com/en/insights/2026/05/natural-gas-powers-the-data-center-boom

引文:"Through the current decade, natural gas is positioned as a backbone fuel supporting the AI infrastructure buildout." ——加拿大皇家银行资本市场,2026 年 5 月

19. 来源:https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2026/04/03/americans-shifting-views-on-energy-issues/

引文:"In 2020, a majority of Republicans and those who lean to the Republican Party said the focus should be on renewables (65%). Now, just 28% of Republicans say this, while 71% say the priority should be on fossil fuels. About eight-in-ten Democrats and Democratic leaners (83%) say the country should give priority to developing wind and solar production, but this share has also ticked downward in the last few years." ——皮尤研究中心,2026 年 4 月

20. 来源:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/refining-in-the-energy-transition-through-2040#/

引文:"While the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have triggered extreme volatility and uncertainty in the refining product and fuel markets, the transition to a low-carbon economy continues to bring significant challenges and opportunities to the refining sector. Increasing national and industry climate commitments and technological improvements, as well as changing consumer preferences, will shape the outlook for refining in the next two decades." ——麦肯锡,2022 年 11 月

21. 来源:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/refining-in-the-energy-transition-through-2040

引文:"Global liquids demand is expected to peak in the next five to ten years, depending on the pace of technological innovation and the net-zero ambition levels of governments." ——麦肯锡,2022 年

22. 来源:https://institute.bankofamerica.com/content/dam/transformation/us-electrical-grid.pdf?_sp=bab4929b-6c13-43fb-ba44-51d736abcef1

引文:"The Trump Administration is pursuing an 'all of the above' strategy for power generation, with a particular focus on cost efficiency and reliability." ——美国银行全球研究

23. 来源:https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/AI-poised-to-drive-160-increase-in-power-demand

引文:"Data centre power demand is expected to increase 160% by 2030." ——高盛研究,2024 年 5 月

24. 来源:https://www.aga.org/permitting-reform-can-help-build-the-energy-infrastructure-america-needs/

引文:"Lengthy and uncertain permitting processes can create unnecessary delays and add costs to projects that communities depend on." ——美国天然气协会,2026 年 10 月 9 日

25. 来源:https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/transmission/senate-permitting-bill-power-lines

引文:"The U.S. Senate energy permitting bill unveiled Wednesday could streamline the buildout of high-voltage power lines across the country, potentially delivering billions of dollars in electricity cost savings and dramatically improving the power system's reliability over the coming decade — if Congress manages to pass it into law." ——Canary Media,2026 年 9 月 30 日

26. 来源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"In its Ahead Of The Curve series, TD Cowen's Washington Research Group argues for a base case scenario of a divided government, with a Democratic House and a Republican Senate. It suggests that this scenario would amplify oversight, investigations, and debt-ceiling brinkmanship, but leave little room for major policy changes. The November Rain: US Midterm Elections report's authors, driven by Chris Krueger of TD Securities, note that the base case would see a Democratic House investigating tariffs, federal spending, the Iran war, critical minerals investments, and more, with reputational risk for any Trump-branded initiatives. The base case also sees President Trump maintaining control of the Executive Branch, however, meaning that trade policies, tariffs, permitting, energy policy, and so on would be driven by the White House." ——Mining.com.au,2026 年 9 月 18 日

27. 来源:https://mining.com.au/us-midterms-set-the-stage-for-energy-policy-tariffs-and-trade/

引文:"In the event of a Republican House, Miller predicts enhanced interest in oil and gas production, fossil fuel-fired power generation, and midstream infrastructure development." ——Mining.com.au,2026 年 9 月 18 日

28. 来源:https://www.morningstar.com/markets/what-midterm-elections-will-mean-markets

引文:"Financial and industrial stocks could come under pressure if Democrats win both chambers of Congress, while consumer staples and alternative energy stocks could benefit, according to analysts. Alternative energy stocks could also get a boost under Democratic leadership, along with some healthcare stocks if they can walk back some of Trump's healthcare spending cuts." ——晨星,2026 年 10 月 8 日

29. 来源:https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2026/04/03/americans-shifting-views-on-energy-issues/

引文:"An overwhelming majority of Democrats (85%) continue to say the federal government should encourage the production of wind and solar power." ——皮尤研究中心,2026 年 4 月

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